Yaxham
postmill

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Yaxham postmill was built in 1810 by Michael Hardy snr. The mill was set on a roundhouse and the sails powered two pairs of French burr stones and two flour mills.


The mill was built on copyhold land Michael Hardy snr, son of Isaac Hardy of Saham_Toney, had bought from one Daniel Nicholson using a £300 mortgage he had obtained from Dereham farmer, James Nicholson. Michael Hardy put the postmill with two pairs of stones and land up for auction on Friday 5th September 1828. However, it appears that Michael Hardy finally sold the mill and premises to John Banyard in 1829 for £600 with a further £275 for the land.


To Millers
To be Sold by Auction by ZACH. INGLETON on Friday 5th September next (Unless previously disposed of by Private Contract)
At the Lord Nelson Inn, East Dereham at 4 o'c.
A Compact and Desirable ESTATE at YAXHAM in Norfolk comprising a capital Post Windmill in substantial repair, driving two pair of Stones, with two Flour Mills, roundhouse and going gears complete together with a convenient Dwelling house and other outbuildings in good condition and about one acre and a half of excellent Land, Copyhold, Fine Certain.
The above is situated in a good corn country about 14 miles from Norwich and 2 from East Dereham both excellent markets.
A considerable part of the Purchase Money
may remain on Mortgage of the Estate.
Apply to Mr. Wm. Drake. Solr., or the Auctioneer, East Dereham.

Norfolk Chronicle - 30th August 1828


The postmill was again put up for auction in May 1834 but may not have been sold. John Banyard died in 1842 and Mrs. Charlotte Sophia Astley, who had already taken over the mortgage, bought the property in 1847, only to die later that year. The postmill was left to Ellen, who was the wife of Revd. Frederick Brewster Thompson, although a dispute in ownership validity arose at this point. The mill was being run by tenants Robert Springhall, 1834 - 1840 and then his son Robert Aldous Springhall 1845 - 1857, both of whom also worked Garveston_postmill. William Critoph purchased the mill and land at auction on Friday 18th September 1857 for £400.


TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION
By J. R. MANN

Unless previously disposed of by Private Contract, on Friday the 9th day of May next, at the George Inn, East Dereham, at Six o'clock in the Afternoon.
ALL that capital POST WINDMILL, in excellent Repair, driving 2 pairs of Stones, with 2 Flour Mills, Round House, and going Gears complete; together with a neat and substantial brick and tiled Dwelling-house, with Stable, Cart-lodges, and all requisite Outbuildings, and 1 Acre and 1 Rood (more or less) of Arable Land thereto adjoining; the whole eligibily situate in the populous village of Yaxham, Norfolk, and within two miles of the market town of East Dereham.
Copyhold of the Manor of Whinbergh, fine certain. Possession of the Estate may be had on completion of The purchase, and further particulars may be had on application, free of postage, to Mr John Banyard, on the Premises; or to Mr. William Drake, Solicitor, East Dereham.
Bury & Norwich Post - 16th April 1834

YAXHAM
To be Sold by Auction by J. R. Mann (unless previously disposed of by Private Contract) on Friday 9 May next at the George Inn, East Dereham at 6 o'c.
All that capital POST WINDMILL in excellent repair, driving two pairs of Stones, with two Flour Mills, Roundhouse and Going Gears complete together with a neat and substantial Brick and Tiled Dwelling house with Stables, Cart lodges and all requisite Outbuildings and one Acre one Rood, more or less, of Arable Land thereto adjoining, the whole eligibily situated in the populous village of YAXHAM, Norfolk and within two miles of the Market Town of East Dereham. Copyhold of the Manor of Whinberg - Fine certain.
Possession of the Estate may be had on completion of the Purchase and further particulars on application to Mr. John Banyard on the Premises or to Mr. Wm. Drake. Solr. East Dereham.

Norfolk Chronicle - 19th & 26th April & 3rd May 1834


To be Sold by Auction (unless previously disposed of by Private Contract) on 9 May next at the George Inn, East Dereham.
All that capital Post Wind-Mill in excellent repair, driving two pairs of stones, with two flour mills, Round House and going gears complete, together with a neat Brick and Tiled Dwelling House with stables, cart lodges and outbuildings, and one acre one rood of land adjoining, the whole eligibily situated in the populous village of Yaxham, Norfolk, within two miles of the Market Town of East Dereham. and machinery thereto belonging now in the occupation of Mr. Robert Aldhouse Springhall, whose tenancy expires at Old Michaelmas next. The premises ar
Copyhold of the Manor of Whinberg - Fine certain.
Particulars from Mr. John Banyard on the Premises.

Norfolk Chronicle - 26th April 1834


TITHE AWARD 1840

Map 1839
Owner John Banyard
Occupier Robert Springall, Senior

No. 228 Mill Cottage & Pightle
Pasture
1a. 1r. 24p.
6/5d
  N.B. Mill not shown on map      

1839 Tithe Award map redrawn by Harry Apling
1839 Tithe Award map redrawn by Harry Apling

Reuben Tilney ran Yaxham_smockmill in Paper Street from 1845 - 1853 and this was bought by William Critoph who moved the mill to his own property that he had bought, complete with the postmill in 1857. The towermill was then built using timber sawn on a bench within the smockmill.
Thus at that time, uniquely, he had one of each of the three main types of windmills on the same property.


Reuben Tilney moved on to Mileham_postmill and towermill and William Critoph was one of the executors to his will when he died in 1877.


William Critoph was also working Mattishall_Mill_Road_towermill in 1883 and he was a descendent of Robert Critoph of Gresham who in turn was probably related to the Critoph milling family of Sheringham and Upper Sheringham.


YAXHAM, Norfolk
To be Sold by Auction by J. H. Greenacre at the Kings Arms Hotel, East Dereham on Friday 18 September 1857 at 4 o'c
A good Brick and Tiled Messuage with Stable and other Outhouses, Yard, Garden and Land adjoining, containing together 1a. 1r. 24p. (more or less) situate3 in Yaxham in the County of Norfolk, next the Norwich road together with a Post Windmill thereon driving two pairs of French Stones and the roundhouse, going gears and machinery thereto belonging now in the occupation of Mr. Robert Aldhouse Springhall, whose tenancy expires at Old Michaelmas next. The premises are copyhold of the Manor of Whinberg on the part of Yaxham. Fine certain. 1s. 7½d.
Particulars . . . of Messrs. Cooper & Son, Solicitors, or of the Auctioneer, Dereham.

Norfolk Chronicle - 12th September 1857


Critoph family tree
Mills include:- Gresham watermill, windmill, Gt. Dunham, Mattishall, Sheringham, Swanton Morley, Upper Sheringham, Yaxham postmill, smockmill, towermill

DEATHS
CRITOPH.
On January 9th at Woodbine Cottage, Yaxham, William . . .
aged 83.
Dereham & Fakenham Times - 13th January 1912


YAXHAM
The late Mr. William Critoph, retired miller and merchant of Yaxham, who passed away last week at the age of 83 . . . Born at Felthorpe, he entered when quite a lad the milling busioness of his father. It is interesting here to note that ther are four generations of the Critophs as millers. In 1850 the deceased gentleman married Mary Dennis of Cawston (who survives him) and soon afterwards went to reside in Yaxham. He built the present mill and carried on in business there for over 50 years . . .
Dereham & Fakenham Times - 20th January 1912


Wm. Critoph had a smock_mill in Paper Street. House still standing there on the east side. Mill removed when he bought the post mill property and re-erected there to drive a saw bench for cutting wood for building of tower mill by his grandfather, Henry Fysh.
Percy Bensley (Jack) Fysh, Yaxham - letter to Harry Apling - 3rd April 1973


I have been researching the William Critoph who owned Yaxham Mill. His youngest daughter (Flora May Mary Critoph) married Arthur John Farrow of Mattishall. Mr Farrow ran a haulage business in Mattishall and was one of the biggest employers we have ever had in the village.  
Ray Taylor - 30th March 2015


O. S. Map 1882
O. S. Map 1882
Mill to the east of the village
Courtesy of NLS map images

1810: Mill built by Michael Hardy

1810-1829: Michael Hardy, miller

Bryant's map 1826: Windmill

August 1828: Mill advertised for sale by auction

25th March 1829: Mill bought by John Banyard of Banyard's mill, East Dereham for £600

Pigot's 1830:
Thomas Banyard, miller, Yaxham

1834: John Banyard, miller

April 1834: Mill advertised for sale by auction

1834: Robert Springall, miller

O.S. map 1838: Windmill

1839: Robert Springall, miller

1840: Robert Springhall, tenant miller. Also at Garveston postmill

12th April 1841: Michael Hardy snr. died aged 74

1842: John Banyard died

1845: Robert Aldous Springhall (son), tenant miller. Also at Garveston postmill

1847: Mill bought by Mrs. Charlotte Sophia Astley, who had already taken over the mortgage

1847: Charlotte Sophia Astley died

1847: Mill inherited by Ellen Brewster

1856: Robert Aldous Springhall, tenant miller. Also at Garveston postmill

1857: Robert Aldous Springhall, tenant miller. Also at Garveston postmill

September 1857: Mill advertised for sale by auction

1857: Mill bought by William Critoph, miller & coal merchant

1858: William Critoph, miller & coal merchant

1883: Auxiliary power via a stationary steam engine powered by a vertical boiler from a steamship

1900: William Critoph, miller & coal merchant

1st February 1904: Postmill and towermill conveyed to Thomas William Stebbing Parlett for £780. Tatershall Half Sack Midget Mill Roller Plant later installed

9th January 1912: William Critoph died aged 83

Prior to 1917: Postmill dismantled


If you have any memories, anecdotes or photos please let us know and we may be able to use them to update the site. By all means telephone 07836 675369 or

Nat Grid Ref approx. TG01321045
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Copyright © Jonathan Neville 2004