Aldborough Mill
Scarrow Beck

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1907
1907

Aldborough mill was on a site that had been in use since before Domesday and every few hundred years a new mill would be built to replace an earlier one.
The photographs show that the final structure to be worked consisted of 3 definite sections. The oldest and smaller section was about 150 years old and consisted of mainly white weather board, the newer sections being in brick and then stone. There were 3 lucums, although when the older one went out of use a leanto was built under it. The water wheel was removed c.1930.

c.1935
Mill running on diesel power c.1935

Aldborough dam c.Oct1907 Aldborough dam 25Jan2003
Mill dam c.1907
Mill dam January 2003

The mill dam was cleaned and dug out by prisoners of war just after the first World War. In the middle of the dam, in an area that only be reached by boat, was an island planted with a myriad of flowers. The nearby watercourses and streams were crossed by bridges.

In the 1950s, the area where the mill dam used to be was bulldozed over and Scarrow Beck was diverted, leaving very little trace of the mill's old watercourse. The section where it went under the mill was bricked up although in 1977 the arch outlines still showed. Some of the machinery was buried in an old gravel pit at the back of the mill.

Summer Holidays at Aldborough Mill
Let's join young Clifford Craske aboard the train now taking him to Aylsham station, in the year 1902, or perhaps it is already 1909. Clifford came every year of his boyhood, from a very early age until he was a young man, when the First World War broke the pattern of his
holidays. But now he is about to start one of his regular summer visits to the old family home of his mother, born Anna Cooke, at Aldborough Mill. The route is already familiar to him and he knows who to expect on arrival.
In later life, Clifford wrote a memoir of these times, from which these extracts are taken.

I want to tell you about Aldborough Mill and the people who once lived there. No-one knew the exact age of the mill, but my mother was born there in 1850, when my grandfather had long been established as the miller. I was first taken to the mill at about the age of four, and at least once a year thereafter until old enough to go alone to stay, which I did very often, until the events which I shall describe caused the 'old home', as Mother called it, to be abandoned as a dwelling.
Aylsham was the nearest station, and my uncle Harry awaited us there with an old-fashioned four-wheeled vehicle of shabby appearance, drawn by an aged horse. My uncle was a bachelor of middle age, with a short grey beard and kindly eyes.

Clifford then talks about the religious and political beliefs which had occupied his uncle for much of his life, which made him remote and absent in more worldly affairs.
This passionate involvement had not, however, soured his nature, which was pleasant and peace-loving, but he cared little for his personal appearance, and the business of the mill came second to his political and religious activities. Worst of all, from the point of view of getting us home, he was of no use with a horse; and while humming some wordless hymn and meditating on far-off battles, he would let the reins bob limply up and down upon his knee, while the old horse jogged, walked, stopped and (on one occasion) sat down in the middle of the road, without any sort of direction from his master.
In the course of an hour or so, the journey was finished, and the whitened, weather-boarded walls of the mill peeped over the hedges across the flat, marshy meadows. My blind aunt Emily had long stood at the door, bonneted and shawled ready to welcome us.
Embracing us all, she led us into the Passage, as the first room was called, where a noble meal was ready. In a dreamy, far-away manner, my uncle said grace, and we fell to.

Breakfast at the Mill
My grandfather, who died about 1899, was no longer active in the mill when I began my visits. I associated him with God, on account of his great age, long white beard and venerable appearance. He presided till the end of his life over family prayers, held every morning before breakfast in the Parlour, a very beautiful old room that was entered from the Passage. If the whole family happened to be in residence, the room was packed; there were my uncles, Harry, Tom and William; my aunts Emily, Maria, Jane and Hannah, cousin John Lemmon, the Companion, parents and myself. There were usually two domestic servants at the mill and these came in and stood by the door.
My grandfather read a passage from the Bible, then said, "Let us pray", whereupon we all knelt down beside our chairs. My father, who was short and stout, assumed this position with reluctance, and maintained it with difficulty; possibly his thoughts, like mine, were fixed on the excellent round of ham that always appeared upon the breakfast table.
There was a chamber organ with a rosewood case and golden pipes, and a piano with green silk behind a fretwork front. But we did not sing until the evening; then my uncle Tom Cooke would play the violin on which he was a very good performer, my father played the piano, and sometimes - a great treat for us - my uncle Tom Craske - would come over from Holt and play the organ. And so with music and reading aloud, we would spend many an hour when darkness fell, our only light the great oil lamp standing by the latticed window. The bookshelves were full of interest and contained many rare and beautiful volumes.

He carries on with a detailed description of the house and outbuildings, (which we shall sadly have to omit), continuing with this introduction to the garden:
There was a beautiful kitchen garden, where the finest fruit bushes were grown under a closely netted enclosure. Following a path which ran along the bank of a small branch of the millstream, you went on to discover a rustic bridge leading to another garden, where in the month of June, you were welcome to raise the netting over some of the finest strawberries in Norfolk. There was also in this garden, which was surrounded by tall shrubs, a summerhouse which, I daresay, could have told its tale, for it was far away from the mill, and took some finding.
Near this garden was a large and level field, just right for football; indeed it was the scene of many a game between the village lads whom my uncle Harry loved to befriend and have around him.


c.1958 1958
c.1958
1958

Bedford S Type August 1967
Bedford S Type - c.1955
August 1967

Indenture: Declaration of the Uses of a Fine. Between Gilbert Parker of Alborough, gent. and Clement Palgrave of the Inner Temple, Esq.
Water mill in Aldborough. Seal tag.
8th December 1638

30Apr1977 30Apr1977
30 April 1977
Mill frontage 30 April 1977 - older section on the left

30Apr1977 30Apr1977
Rear of both buildings 30 April 1977- no water
Rear of the old weatherboarded section 30 April 1977
When the above photographs was taken an old French burr stone was still leaning up near the door on the old section - it can just be seen on the right hand side of the left hand photo above.

William Cooke snr 1895 Robins Cooke 1909 Henry Carter Cooke 1909 Thomas Carter Cooke1909
William Cooke snr 1895
Robins Cooke 1909
Henry Carter Cooke 1909
Thomas Carter Cooke 1909

When Thomas Carter Cooke died in January 1917, his 20 year old son Thomas William Cooke was called back from the war to take over the running of the mill, as milling was a reserved occupation. Thomas brought a great energy and in spite of the depressed rural economy, he vigorously pursued many business opportunities. Thomas senior brought up his two sons within a considerable non-conformist religious zeal and young Thomas expressed a similar attitude in both his business and personal life. At first, Oliver resisted the faith but later came round.

Thomas William Cooke on day of wedding to Hilda Thirza Tom Cooke c.1960
Thomas William Cooke on day of his wedding to Hilda Thirza
Tom Cooke c.1960

Thomas William Cooke was born on 19th June 1897 at Thwaite. He married Hilda Thirze.
Hilda Cooke died on 9th February 1989. Thomas Cooke died on 2nd June 1989.

Much of the information herein was gleaned from Thomas William Cooke, whose brother, father and grandfather were millers here. The mill came into their family in 1809 and they later went on to own 4 others. The mill stands on the joint parish boundaries of Aldborough, Alby and Thwaite but is known as Aldborough as it is closest to that village.

The Cooke's relations with Col. Barclay (of Barclays Bank fame) became strained around 1903. Col. Barclay was an ardent Tory and the Cookes were Liberals. Col. Barclay was in control of a set of sluice gates upstream of the mill and was prone to indiscriminately open or close the gates thus flooding or starving the mill of water!

In about 1910 a new water wheel was installed. It was made by Thomas Cooke from elm and was 15 feet in diameter. Mr. Cooke was adamant that one applewood cogwheel would outlast 3 cast iron ones. The waterwheel was finally taken out in about 1930 to make way for steam. The first Crossley diesel (57hp) was installed in 1935 - eventually there were five!

At this time the mill was running 3 pairs of stones - one for flour and two for grist. The grist stones were too sharp to grind wheat, which needs to be rubbed rather than cut. Towards the end carborundum stones were used as the original French buhrs were worn too badly.


Aldborough Mill Memories

Cynthia Greene: He used to be the worst fellow that ever was born, Oliver Cooke did, and he died one of the best. And Tom always had the Bible under his arm, and he used to say, 'I shall win my brother over, I shall win my brother over.' And he did, too, didn't he?

In their young days, the brothers displayed a spirit of invention in many areas.

Mary Carpenter (née Cooke): They used to make fireworks as well, in the shed behind the mill ... the two Cooke brothers always did a display on Aldborough Green. I've got a book of theirs with recipes on how to make fireworks ...

Tom brought inventiveness and energy to the milling business.
Expansion brought the end of the mill house as a family dwelling, and by 1930 it had been taken over as an extension to the mill premises. A diesel engine was brought in to augment and eventually replace water power, partly because water levels had dropped, partly to supply increased power to the various operations. Thomas Cooke was a great innovator of products, and over a period the business expanded to include the following activities.

  1. Grinding corn for farmers - a continuation of the traditional role for millers.
  2. Seed corn prepared and dressed for sale to farmers.
  3. Animal feed manufacture - Tom Cooke developed on-site pig and poultry units to test his own formulas.
  4. Tested and sold seed of all types for both the agricultural and horticultural businesses.

Here's an authoritative comment from someone who witnessed the exploits of the brothers Cooke over many decades.
Elsie Davison:
They were terrific business people, Tom and Oliver Cooke, they were.

Oliver Cooke had a bungalow built for his family just over the way from the mill, and his four children, David, Jean, Mary and Jonathan grew up there. Jean has some tales to tell.
Jean Benzie:
For me as a child, the mill was not an attractive place - it represented rats and danger. The men that worked there had their trouser leg bottoms tied up with string to stop the rats running up their legs.

Here are some miscellaneous memories of time spent at the mill:
The original seed office was down by the side of the mill . Millie Chapman was in charge of that. It was quaint with wonderful smells. Then the new offices were built, 3 in a row.

To a small child all that water in the millpond was very unfriendly and the sluice was particularly frightening. There was a very old punt that David used to use on the pond and Dad before him; you had to manoeuvre this very long pole down into the mud and push yourself along.

I remember the pond being frozen many winters, and we could walk across to the three islands and pick the snowdrops. People came to skate on the ice, but there was a dangerous bit near bridge that never froze over properly, where the water ran down a into the stream.

Uncle Tom kept pigs for a time, and ran a series of trials with pig feed. There must have been 6 pigsties, and as a 3 yr old, I loved playing in with the pigs. Each pig was being fed differently. But one day, I decided to unbolt all the gates, and they all ran out and into the meadow. Poor Uncle Tom and his pig-man nearly went spare but one of them hit on the idea of rattling their feeding troughs, and they all trotted back into the right sty! On another occasion I rode bareback on a big old sow. She came straight for me, and I landed back to front on her, hanging on to her tail.

We used to climb down the bank of the stream just behind the mill and float pieces of wood, but if the men saw us, just for a bit of fun they'd release the sluice and the water would come gushing outs we'd hastily scramble up the bank, I can tell you!

We had great times with the old sack trolley - big enough to hold - 6 of us. We'd push it up to the top of the hill, jump in, and with David steering, we'd career round the back of the mill; David always managed to stop it just before it went over into the stream.


c.1944-45 a Mr. Green was the miller working for Thomas Cooke and many of the staff took after their employer, who was extremely religeous. One such worker was Spring Heel Jack McComb who lived in a caravan behind the mill and was so named as he had an affliction causing him to walk in an unusual manner.

c.1981 2nd March 1997
c.1981
2nd March 1997

15Apr1983 2009
Rear of mill just after conversion 15th April 1983
2009

Just above the mill is the junction of 2 streams, one from Aylmerton and one from West Beckham, these flowed into what was once a large mill dam. However the water drop was not very great and the mill frequently suffered from a chronic shortage of water, thus a steam engine was brought in to supplement the power while the water was collecting and this actually provided twice as much power.

By 1957 Scarrow Beck had been returned to its original course bypassing the mill.

The waterworks at Metton used a lot of water from the area - Mr. Cooke said there were 3 tunnels forming a triangle in the clay, they were 200 feet down and each was 100 feet long.

 25Jan2003 25Jan2003
25th January 2003
25th January 2003

Insolvent Debtor. Prisoner for Debt.
Stephen Storey
formerly of Hempstead, Farmer
afterwards of Aldborough, Miller
afterwards at Edgefield, Journeyman Miller
afterwards of Briston, Labourer
afterwards of Holt, Miller
& late of Briston, all in Norfolk, out of business.
Norfolk Chronicle - 20th October 1827


In 1977 the mill was still being worked occasionally by its Kenyan owner Mr. Patak, grinding oriental spices such as coriander and cumin seed, which came in directly from the docks. The seeds were crushed using a hammer and stone arrangement powered by the Crossley diesel engines.

The Cooke family ended up buying the site in the 1800's and went on to run other mills in the area, with my grandfather inheriting the Aldborough Mill operation when he was 21 in 1920 - pulling him back from service in the first world war as milling was a reserved occupation.
The business as he knew it was founded by his father, Thomas Carter Cooke, who assumed control as the last surviving brother of the Cooke dynasty. My grandfathers younger brother, Oliver lived in the village till his death a few years ago, and representatives of the Cooke clan live there still.
As to the mill, it was a fully operational watermill complete with a big millpool till it was filled in by prisoners of war during the First World War, after which the power was obtained from a steam engine, which was both more powerful and reliable. This steam engine gave way to early gas engines and then huge slow running Crossland diesel units. 
As the mill expanded it consumed the mill house and additional levels were added to the top, all clad in beautiful asbestos. In the end the place used no less than five diesel engines each of which was heavy enough to sink a narrowboat.  Whilst milling and associated activities ceased at Aldborough Mill in the late 1950's, with production moved to Coltishall, I remember being taken round the silent building by my grandfather and smelling the engines and seeing the bricked up arch of the mill race which had stood beneath a sucession of mills for hundreds and hundreds of years.
Captain Ahab - 1st January 2010


O. S. Map 1885

O. S. Map 1885
Courtesy of NLS map images


O. S. Map 1905

O. S. Map 1905
Courtesy of NLS map images


O. S. Map 1956

O. S. Map 1956
Courtesy of NLS map images


O.S. Map 2005
O.S. Map 2005
Image reproduced under licence from Ordnance Survey

8th December 1638: Indenture between Gilbert Parker and Clement Palgrave

Faden's map 1797: Mill

15th Dec 1824: Richard Clarke's, wife Emma Ann died aged 29, buried at Aldborough with 3 infants

c.1825: Stephen Storey, miller (possibly employee)

White's 1836: Richard Clarke, miller

Census 1841: Richard Clarke (51) b.Hoxne, Suffolk, miller;
Ann Clarke (45) b.Hanworth;
Hannah Clarke (13) b.Norfolk;
Elizabeth Clarke (10) b.Aldborough;
Sarah Page, (20) b.Hanworth, servant;
Thomas Brown (17) b.outside Norfolk, journeyman miller
Sarah Terry Clarke (40) b.Norfolk, Independent;
Matilda Clarke (17) - both living 3 doors from Richard Clarke

White's 1845: Richard Clarke & Mrs. S.T. Clarke

Census 1851: William Cooke (33) b.Glandford,  master miller employing 2 men;
Elizabeth Cooke (31) b. E. Dereham;
Anna Cooke (7) b.Aldborough;
William Cooke (3) b.Aldborough;
Henry Cooke (3) b.Aldborough;
Maria Cooke (1) b.Aldborough;
Ann Long (24) b.Glandford, house servant;
Sarah Everett (16) b.Matlask, house servant;
William Vaeden (30) b.Alby, carter;
George Newstead (16) b.Barningham, miller's apprentice

Richard Clarke (61) retired miller living in The Crescent , St Stephens, Norwich

White's 1854: William Cooke, corn miller

White's 1864: William Cooke, corn miller

Electors' List 1874: William Cooke -
Aldborough Mill - £50 occupier

Kelly's 1879: William Cooke, miller (& at Thurgarton postmill)

Kelly's 1883: William Cooke, miller & farmer & surveyor (& at Thurgarton postmill)

Kelly's 1892: William Cooke, miller (water & steam)

28th April 1895: William Cooke died


Kelly's 1896: William Cooke, miller (water & steam) & seed merchant

Kelly's 1900: Henry Carter Cooke

Kelly's 1904: Henry Carter Cooke

Kelly's 1908: Henry Carter Cooke

1910: New elm waterwheel installed

Kelly's 1912: Thomas Carter Cooke

Kelly's 1916: Thomas Carter Cooke

13th January 1917: Thomas Carter Cooke died

Kelly's 1922: Thomas Carter Cooke

Kelly's 1925: Thomas William Cooke

c.1930: Wheel removed and mill converted to steam

Kelly's 1929: Thomas William Cooke

1935: Mill converted to diesel power

Kelly's 1937: Thomas William Cooke

c.1955: Thomas William Cooke

1957: Animal feed milled with a hammer mill powered by a 57 h.p. diesel engine

Yates 1966: Aldborough Mill. NOR 40Y. Ph. Hanworth 244

1977: Mr. Patak, spice merchant

1981: Mill converted into 3 houses

2nd June 1989: Thomas William Cooke died

2003: Residential use

April 2005: Southern residential unit of mill for sale at a guide price of £350,000


If you have any memories, anecdotes or photos please let us know and we may be able to use them to update the site. By all means email or telephone 07836 675369.

Nat Grid Ref TG1860 3393
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Copyright © Jonathan Neville 2003